The program of support to the development of the Algerian private SME/SMI (ED-SME) aims primarily the reinforcement of the competitiveness of the industrial companies while being aligned on the international standards of organization and management, and the evolution of the managerial behavior of the entrepreneur, with respect to the market, and in particular of the emergence of a euro-Mediterranean market. The conclusions of our study and also previous studies have revealed that it possible to note that, the upgrade of Algerian SME is not sufficient to reinforce their performance. It is what requires a real upgrade of the whole of the structures and institutions which compose their macroeconomic environment.