In general, the authors of scientific and technical books collect the subject material scattered in the literature, especially the research articles, and combined with their personal theoretical and experimental knowledge and experience, try to present it in a cohesive and easily and understandable manner to enable the reader to choose the direction in which to move once he has decided the topic of his research. The present attempt of the author is to acquaint the reader with various theoretical and experimental studies of various topics of interest in "Materials Science- Novel Concepts and Applications", and further enable him to choose the topic of research based on his interest and understanding. The choice of the topics has been made by the author on the basis of their theoretical and experimental background and various interactions with scientists and academicians, while working in DRDO labs (like LASTEC, IRDE, and GTRE), IIT, Delhi, and foreign labs in France, Austria, Switzerland and Italy. Various important topics including Analytical Chemistry for monitoring Pollutants in Environment, Biopolymers for Sustainability Solutions, Nanozymes - Uses and Applications.