Radioactive pollution is the permanent contamination of the environment with radioactive substances. They enter the soil, water, and air and lead to radioactive contamination of the environment. Radioactive waste with radioactive isotopes of iodine, strontium, and cesium is particularly dangerous to humans. Radiation contamination is of current national and international importance and is associated with an increase in accident prevention measures related to the peaceful and military use of nuclear energy. Because of their geopolitical location, nuclear power plants operating in Bulgaria and countries close to us can have a major impact on the surrounding natural radioactivity. Optimization and management of existing radiation monitoring systems will lead to enhanced nuclear safety in Bulgaria and adequate measures and decisions to improve the protection of the population from radiation exposure due to changes in the natural radioactive background.