The world is facing an energy threat of inadequate and insecure supply at affordable prices. High energy use is contributing to environmental harm due to emissions from fossil fuels which are also non-renewable. The emissions from fossil fuels combustion such as CO, CO2 and Pm have negative health effects. They have also contributed to climate change. The world is facing an energy threat of inadequate and insecure supply at affordable prices. High energy use is contributing to environmental harm due to emissions from fossil fuels which are also non-renewable. The emissions from fossil fuels combustion such as CO, CO2 and Pm have negative health effects. They have also contributed to climate change. Although a third of the world population live without electricity, limited research data exist on biofuel use in lamps. These kerosene lamps may be contributing to global warming owing to their large numbers in rural and semi-urban areas. This book contain findings to investigation of the suitability of straight vegetable oil as a lighting fuel, the performance of unmodified lamp, retrofitted pressure lamp utilizing straight vegetable oil (SVO)/kerosene blends.