Our subject has a double interest:- First, on the scientific level, the results of our research will further enrich the scientific debate on this subject in the province of South Kivu in particular and in DRC in general.- Secondly, on the socio-political level, the Congolese state will be enlightened on certain measures to be taken to put into practice free primary education in the DRC in order to reach a very high number of children in school and thus fight against illiteracy.